Ka lawe ?ana mai i nā lako mai Kina a i ?Amelika
?A?ole nele ?o Kina, ?o Kina, ?o ia ka mea ho?opuka waiwai nui loa o ka honua, i nā hale hana e hana ana i kēlā me kēia ?ano mea lako me nā kumukū?ai ho?okūkū. Ke pi?i a?e nei ke koi no nā lako, makemake nā mea lawe mai e ?imi i nā mea ho?olako e hā?awi i nā huahana ki?eki?e no nā kumukū?ai ha?aha?a. Eia na?e, pono e nānā pono nā mea lawe mai ma ?Amelika i nā pilikia e like me ka uku dute a i ?ole nā ??lula palekana. Ma kēia ?atikala, hā?awi mākou i kekahi mau ?ōlelo a?oa?o e pili ana i ka maika?i i ka lawe ?ana mai i nā lako mai Kina a i ?Amelika.
Nā wahi hana hale ma Kina
?O ka mea ma?amau, ?ehā mau wahi hana nui ma Kina: ?o ke kahawai ?o Pearl River (ma ka ?ao?ao hema o Kina), ka muliwai ?o Yangtze (ke kahakai waena o Kina), ka Triangle Komohana (ma waena o Kina), a me ke Kai Bohai. ?āpana (ka ?āpana kahakai ?ākau o Kina).
Aia kēia mau wahi a pau i ka nui o nā mea hana hale. Eia na?e, nui nā ?oko?a:
- ?O ke kahawai ?o Pearl River - ?oi aku ka maika?i o ka ?oi aku ka maika?i, ?oi aku ka maika?i o nā lako lako, hā?awi i nā ?ano mea like ?ole. ?O nā kūlanakauhale kaulana o ka honua, ?o ia ?o Shenzhen, Guangzhou, Zhuhai, Dongguan (kaulana no ka hana ?ana i nā sofas), Zhongshan (nā lako lā?au ?ula?ula), a me Foshan (nā lako lā?au ?ili). Nui ka kaulana ?o Foshan ma ke ?ano he hale hana no nā lako ?ai, nā lako pa?a pa?a, a me nā lako ma?amau. Aia kekahi mau kaukani hale kū?ai nui ma laila, i ho?opa?a nui ?ia ma ka moku ?o Shunde o ke kūlanakauhale, e la?a, ma ka hale kū?ai kū?ai hale kū?ai ?o Kina.
- ?O ka muliwai ?o Yangtze delta - ?o ia ka metropolis o Shanghai a me nā panalā?au e pili ana e like me Zhejiang a me Jiangsu, kaulana no nā lako rattan, pena i nā lā?au pa?a, nā mea metala, a me nā mea hou aku. ?O kahi wahi hoihoi ?o Anji county, ka mea loea i nā lako a me nā lako ?ohe.
- ?O ka Triangle Komohana - aia nā kūlanakauhale e like me Chengdu, Chongqing, a me Xi?an. ?O kēia wahi ho?okele waiwai he ?āina ha?aha?a ha?aha?a no nā lako, e hā?awi ana i nā lako kīhāpai rattan a me nā moena metala, a me nā mea ?ē a?e.
- ?O ke kai ?o Bohai - aia kēia wahi i nā kūlanakauhale e like me Beijing a me Tianjin. He mea kaulana ia no nā mea aniani a me nā mea hao. No ka mea, he nui ka laau o na aina hikina akau o Kina, ua maikai loa na kumukuai. Eia na?e, ?oi aku ka ha?aha?a o ka maika?i i hā?awi ?ia e kekahi mau mea hana ma mua o nā wahi hikina.
Ma ke kama?ilio ?ana e pili ana i nā mākeke lako, ?o nā mea kaulana loa aia ma Foshan, Guangzhou, Shanghai, Beijing, a me Tianjin.
He aha nā lako e hiki ai iā ?oe ke lawe mai Kina a i ?Amelika?
He nui nā pōmaika?i o ka mākeke Kina i ka hana ?ana i nā lako a hiki ke hō?oia i ka ho?omau ?ana o nā kaulahao lako. No laila, inā e no?ono?o ?oe i kekahi mea lako, aia kahi manawa kūpono e loa?a iā ?oe ma laila.
Pono e ho?omana?o e hiki i ka mea hana i hā?awi ?ia ke loea i ho?okahi a i ?ole kekahi mau ?ano mea lako, e hō?oia?i?o ana i ka ?ike ma kahi kahua. Hiki paha iā ?oe ke hoihoi i ka lawe ?ana mai:
Lako o loko:
- nā sofa a me nā moe,
- lako keiki,
- lako lumi moe,
- moena,
- lako lumi ?aina,
- lako lumi noho,
- lako oihana,
- hale hōkele,
- lako laau,
- lako metala,
- nā lako palaki,
- nā lako upholstered,
- lako wicker.
Lako waho:
- lako rotan,
- nā lako metala waho,
- gazebos.
Ka lawe ?ana mai i nā lako mai Kina i ka US - Nā lula palekana
He mea ko?iko?i ka maika?i o ka huahana a me ka palekana, ?oiai ?o ka mea lawe mai, ?a?ole ka mea hana ma Kina, ke kuleana ma ke kānāwai no kona ho?okō ?ana i nā lula. ?Ehā mau wahi nui e pili ana i ka palekana o nā lako e pono e maka?ala nā mea lawe mai:
1. Ho?oma?ema?e a ho?omau i nā lako lā?au
?O nā lula kūikawā e pili ana i nā lako lā?au e kōkua i ka hakakā ?ana i ke kālai ?ana i ke kānāwai a me ka pale ?ana i ka ?āina mai nā iniseti invasive. Ma ?Amelika, mālama ka ?oihana o ka USDA (United States Department of Agriculture) APHIS (Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service) i ka lawe ?ana mai i nā lā?au a me nā huahana lā?au. Pono e nānā ?ia nā lā?au a pau e komo ana i ka ?āina a e hana i nā ka?ina hana ho?oma?ema?e (?o ka wela a i ?ole ka lā?au kemika nā koho ?elua).
Aia na?e nā lula ?ē a?e i ka wā e lawe mai ai i nā huahana lima lima lā?au mai Kina - hiki ke lawe ?ia mai nā mea hana i ?ae ?ia i hō?ike ?ia ma ka papa inoa i ho?opuka ?ia e ka USDA APHIS. Ma hope o ka hō?oia ?ana ua ?ae ?ia kahi mea hana i hā?awi ?ia, hiki iā ?oe ke noi no kahi palapala ho?okomo.
Ma waho a?e o ka lawe ?ana mai i nā lako i hana ?ia mai kahi ?ano lā?au make e pono ai ka ?ae ?oko?a a me ka ho?okō ?ana o CITES (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora). Hiki iā ?oe ke ?ike i ka ?ike hou aku e pili ana i nā pilikia i ha?i ?ia ma luna ma ka punaewele USDA.
2. Ho?okō pono lako keiki
?O nā huahana a nā keiki e pili mau ana i nā koi ko?iko?i, ?a?ohe mea ?oko?a. Wahi a ka CPSC (Consumer Product Safety Commission), ua ho?olālā ?ia nā lako o nā keiki no 12 mau makahiki a ?oi a?e paha. Hō?ike ia e pili ana nā lako a pau, e like me nā moena, nā moena moe o nā keiki, a me nā mea ?ē a?e, i ka CPSIA (Consumer Product Safety Improvement Act).
I loko o kēia mau lula, pono e ho?ā?o ?ia nā lako o nā keiki, me ka nānā ?ole i nā mea, e kahi ke?ena hana ?ekolu ?ao?ao i ?ae ?ia e CPSC. Eia kekahi, pono e ho?opuka ka mea lawe mai i kahi palapala hō?oia no nā keiki (CPC) a ho?opili i kahi lepili ho?opa?a pa?a CPSIA. Aia kekahi mau lula hou e pili ana i nā moena.
3. Hana ?ia nā lako upholstered flammability
?Oiai ?a?ohe kānāwai federal e pili ana i ka ho?okō ?ana i ka flammability, ma ka ho?oma?ama?a ?ana, ua pa?a ka California Technical Bulletin 117-2013 ma ka ?āina holo?oko?a. Wahi a ka bulletin, pono nā lako upholstered a pau i ka hana flammability i kuhikuhi ?ia a me nā kūlana ho?ā?o.
4. Nā lula ma?amau e pili ana i ka ho?ohana ?ana i kekahi mau mea
Ma waho a?e o nā koi i ?ōlelo ?ia ma luna, pono e ho?okō nā lako āpau i nā kūlana SPSC i ka wā e pili ana i ka ho?ohana ?ana i nā mea pō?ino, e like me ka phthalates, lead, a me formaldehyde, a me nā mea ?ē a?e. ?O kekahi o nā hana ko?iko?i i kēia mea ?o ka Federal Hazardous Substances Act (FHSA). E pili ana kēia i ka ho?opili huahana - ma nā moku?āina he nui, ?a?ole hiki ke loa?a nā metala kaumaha e like me ke kēpau, cadmium, a me ka mercury. ?O ke ala wale nō e hō?oia ai i ka palekana o kāu huahana no ka po?e kū?ai aku ?o ka ho?ā?o ?ana ma o ka hale hana.
No ka mea he pilikia ko?iko?i nā moena moe kīnā ?ole i ka po?e ho?ohana, pili pū lākou i ke ka?ina hana ho?okō General Certificate of Conformity (GCC).
?Oi aku, aia nā koi ma Kaleponi - e like me California Proposition 65, ?a?ole hiki ke ho?ohana ?ia kekahi mau mea pō?ino i nā huahana mea kū?ai aku.
He aha nā mea ?ē a?e āu e ho?olohe ai i ka lawe ?ana mai i nā lako mai Kina?
No ka maika?i i ka lawe ?ana i nā lako mai Kina a i ?Amelika, pono ?oe e hō?oia i kāu huahana e ho?okō i nā koi o ka mea kū?ai aku. He mea nui ka lawe ?ana mai Kina. E like me ka hō?ea ?ana i ke awa o ?Amelika, ?a?ole hiki ke ho?iho?i ma?alahi i ka ukana. ?O ka ho?okō ?ana i nā loiloi maika?i ma nā pae like ?ole o ka hana ?ana/ka lawe ?ana he ala maika?i ia e hō?oia ai ?a?ole e hiki mai kēlā ?ano pīhoihoi maika?i ?ole.
Inā makemake ?oe i kahi hō?oia e ?olu?olu ka ukana o kāu huahana, kūpa?a, ho?olālā, ana, a me nā mea ?ē a?e, ?o ka nānā maika?i wale nō ke ala. Ma hope o nā mea a pau, pa?akikī ke kauoha i kahi la?ana o nā lako.
Mana?o ?ia e ?imi i kahi mea hana, ?a?ole ka mea kū?ai nui o nā lako ma Kina. ?O ke kumu ?a?ole hiki i nā mea kū?ai nui ke hō?oia i ka ho?okō ?ana i nā kūlana palekana āpau. ?Oia?i?o, ?oi aku ka nui o nā koi MOQ (Minimum Order Quantity) i nā mea hana. ?O nā MOQ Lako ma?amau mai ho?okahi a i ?ole kekahi mau ?āpana o nā lako ?oi aku ka nui, e like me nā set sofa a i ?ole nā ??moena, a hiki i 500 mau ?āpana li?ili?i, e like me nā noho hiki ke pelu.
Ka lawe ?ana i nā lako mai Kina a i ?Amelika
No ka mea kaumaha nā lako a, i kekahi mau hihia, lawe nui i ka nui i loko o kahi pahu, ?o ka ukana kai ka mea wale nō ke koho kūpono no ka lawe ?ana i nā lako mai Kina a i ?Amelika. ?O ka mea ma?amau, inā pono ?oe e ho?okomo koke i ho?okahi a i ?ole ?elua mau ?āpana lako, e ?oi aku ka wikiwiki o ka ukana ea.
I ka lawe ?ana ma ke kai, hiki iā ?oe ke koho i ka ukana piha piha (FCL) a i ?ole ka li?ili?i ma mua o ka ukana pahu (LCL). He mea ko?iko?i ka maika?i o ka ho?opili ?ana ma ?ane?i, no ka mea hiki ke ?oki ma?alahi nā lako. Pono e ho?ouka mau ?ia ma nā pallets ISPM 15. ?O ka ho?ouna ?ana mai Kina a hiki i ka US mai 14 a ma kahi o 50 mau lā, ma muli o ke ala. Eia nō na?e, hiki i ka 2 a i ?ole 3 mau mahina ke ka?ina holo?oko?a ma muli o nā lohi i mana?o ?ole ?ia.
E nānā i nā ?oko?a ko?iko?i ma waena o FCL a me LCL.
Hō?ulu?ulu mana?o
- ?O ka hapa nui o nā lako lako ?Amelika i lawe ?ia mai Kina, ka mea kū?ai nui loa o ka honua i nā lako lako a me kāna mau ?āpana;
- Aia nā wahi mea hale kaulana loa ma ka Delta River delta, me ke kūlanakauhale ?o Foshan;
- ?O ka hapa nui o nā lako lako i ho?okomo ?ia i ?Amelika ?a?ole kuleana. Eia na?e, hiki ke ho?opa?a ?ia kekahi mau lako lā?au mai Kina i nā uku dute anti-dumping;
- Nui nā kānāwai palekana i kau ?ia, e pili ana i nā lako keiki, nā lako upholstered, a me nā lako lā?au.
Ka manawa ho?ouna: Iulai-22-2022